It is largely accepted amongst the scientific community that global warming is closely linked to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. Greenhouse gas emissions linked directly and indirectly to uses of energy in wine production, CO₂ emissions from fermentation and CO₂ sparging contribute to global warming. It should be noted that CO₂ fixation within the vineyard system requires consideration in determining the overall carbon balance between the winery and vineyard. Notwithstanding the outcomes of such calculations, reducing CO₂ emissions through use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures contributes to environmental sustainability. Monitoring CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions allows for better management and the implementation of reduction strategies.